Phosphatidylcholine (PC) is a naturally occurring, integral component of the cellular membrane, adding fluidity and strength to cells. It serves as a source of choline, an important nutrient for methylation, cell-to-cell communication, cognition and liver function. Choline and its metabolites are the major source of methyl groups in the diet. Methylation plays many roles including neurotransmission, vitamin assimilation, DNA synthesis and gene regulation. Choline is required for the synthesis of phospholipids and acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter involved in attention, learning and memory. A 6-month double-blind, placebo-controlled trial suggested that choline-containing lecithin, alpha GPC supports memory in aging individuals. Animal research suggests an adaptogenic effect when exposed to stress. Certain genetic variations in MTHFR and PEMT, enzymes that play critical roles in methylation and choline synthesis, respectively, have been associated with increased dietary choline needs.
Research indicates that choline intake is important for pregnant women, particularly those with PEMT and MTHFR genetic variations. Another clinical trial showed that women with PEMT and MTHFR genetic variations who consumed 480 mg of choline daily during pregnancy had offspring with faster processing speed than those who did not. PC also plays a significant role in the healthy transport and metabolism of lipids. A randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial suggested that choline-containing lecithin may help support healthy hepatic fat metabolism. Animal studies indicate that PC promotes healthy liver and pancreatic antioxidant activity.