Pure Encapsulations' Vitamin D₃ (Vegan) liquid is derived from naturally occurring, sustainably harvested lichen. It is produced through a multistep process involving extraction, purification and concentration resulting in a vitamin D₃ cholecalciferol with the same molecular structure and conformation as cholecalciferol derived from lanolin or fish. It is the only plant-derived source of vitamin D₃ that has been accepted by the UK Vegan Society. Vitamin D promotes intestinal calcium and phosphorous absorption and reduces urinary calcium loss, essential mechanisms for maintaining proper calcium levels in the body and for healthy bone composition. Research indicates that it also promotes cellular health, including support for breast and prostate tissue, in part by helping to maintain healthy blood vessel function, supporting immune cell activity and maintaining healthy cell metabolism. A role for vitamin D in supporting colon health by promoting healthy cellular function has also been suggested. Vitamin D's role in immune health has long been established; vitamin D receptors are found in a number of immune cells, including lymphocytes and macrophages, where they maintain healthy immune cell activation. Vitamin D also supports cardiovascular function in some individuals.